STRATEGY TO IMPROVE EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT OF BBPLK INSTRUCTORS THROUGH STRENGTHENING PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, SERVANT LEADERSHIP, AND TEAMWORK
Downloads
Objective: This study aims to formulate strategies to enhance employee engagement among BBPLK instructors through strengthening perceived organizational support, servant leadership, and teamwork. Method: The research adopts a qualitative approach with a type of library research study. Data sources consist of academic textbooks, international and national scientific journal articles, and relevant research reports on the study topic. Results: The research findings indicate that perceived organizational support, comprising instrumental and socio-emotional support, plays a role in meeting instructors' psychological needs and creating a sense of gratitude that drives engagement. Servant leadership, with indicators such as member development commitment, stewardship, prioritizing members' interests, and ethical actions, builds trust, empowerment, and fairness that enhance engagement. Teamwork, through synergy in achieving common goals, open communication, trust among members, coordination flexibility, as well as innovation and shared learning, creates psychological safety, a sense of connection, and shared meaning that reinforce engagement. Novelty: The study emphasizes an integrated approach to improving employee engagement, highlighting the simultaneous strengthening of organizational support, servant leadership, and teamwork, and providing specific recommendations for program implementation, such as POS reinforcement, leadership training, and teamwork facilitation through communities of practice.
B. B. Group, “Is the global workplace at a breaking point?,” 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.britishbrandsgroup.org.uk/2025/05/01/is-the-global-workplace-at-a-breaking-point/
D. Widjaya, H. D. Putra, and V. Cika, “Mewujudkan SDM Indonesia yang berkualitas dan berdaya saing melalui peningkatan mutu pendidikan dan pelatihan vokasi oleh Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan,” Accountability Brief, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1–6, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://repositori.dpr.go.id/id/eprint/241/
U. Azmi and M. Ridha DS, “Manajemen Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan,” Islamika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, vol. 18, no. 02, pp. 93–100, 2019, doi: 10.32939/islamika.v18i02.313.
R. S. D. Rachmat, “Pengaruh person-organization fit dan accelaration career development program terhadap kepuasan kerja serta implikasinya pada turnover intention di Balai Besar Pelatihan Vokasi dan Produktivitas (BBPVP) Bandung,” Repository Universitas Pasundan, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–20, 2024, [Online]. Available: http://repository.unpas.ac.id/id/eprint/67700
Y. Prihartini, “The role of organizational support in enhancing employee work engagement at the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education: A systematic review and mini survey,” International Student Conference on Business, Education, Economics, Accounting, and Management, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1–15, 2025, [Online]. Available: https://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/isc-beam/article/view/61580
L. P. Tan, K. L. Choe, Y. O. Choong, Y. K. Ng, P. Rungruang, and Z. Li, “How felt obligation and organizational engagement mediate the relationship between perceived organizational support and work–life balance amid COVID-19 pandemic: Empirical evidence from emerging countries,” Current Psychology, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1234–1256, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s12144-023-05254-0.
Z. Hamid and Y. M. Kundi, “A multi-method study of servant leadership and despotic leadership–work engagement nexus: The roles of identification with leader and political skill,” J. Organ. Behav., vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 412–435, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.job.2025.01.003.
D. Kara, M. Uysal, and H. Kim, “Does servant leadership better explain work engagement, career satisfaction and adaptive performance than authentic leadership?,” International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 2075–2095, 2020, doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-10-2019-0838.
L. Boadi, M. A. Adarkwah, and A. Amankwaa, “Understanding how servant leaders can influence employee playful work design: The role of meaningful work, positive affect and work engagement,” Current Psychology, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 1125–1142, 2025, doi: 10.1007/s12144-025-08194-z.
Y. Wang, H. Chen, and S. Liu, “Boosting work engagement through leader tolerance: The chain mediation role of perceived organizational support and organizational identification,” Front. Public Health, vol. 13, p. 1456789, 2025, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1456789.
J. Park and J. Kim, “The relationship between perceived organizational support, work engagement, organizational citizenship behavior, and customer orientation in the public sports organizations context,” Behavioral Sciences, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 153, 2024, doi: 10.3390/bs14030153.
X. Gao, Y. Zhou, X. Xu, R. Yuan, Y. Zheng, and R. Yun, “Relationships between organizational support, emotional intelligence, and work engagement among Chinese nurses: A correlation study,” Nurs. Open, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 70034, 2024, doi: 10.1002/nop2.70034.
W. Y. Y. Z. Campos and F. S. C. N. Cavazotte, “Controle burocrático e suporte organizacional no setor público: Efeitos mediados pelo empoderamento psicológico no engajamento,” Revista de Administração Pública, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 450–472, 2023, doi: 10.1590/0034-761220220301.
C. Jiao, J. Qian, and H. Liu, “The relationship between preschool inclusive education teachers’ organizational support and work engagement: The mediating role of teacher self-efficacy,” Front. Psychol., vol. 13, p. 900835, 2022, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.900835.
C. Kooli and S. Al Muhairi, “Exploring the mediating role of perceived organizational support in the relationship between servant leadership and work engagement,” Employee Relations, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 113–129, 2024, doi: 10.1108/ER-02-2024-0113.
J. W. Creswell and C. N. Poth, Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, 4th ed. SAGE Publications, 2024.
U. Flick, The SAGE handbook of qualitative research design. SAGE Publications, 2022.
A. Booth, A. Sutton, and D. Papaioannou, Systematic approaches to a successful literature review, 3rd ed. SAGE Publications, 2022.
Y. S. Lincoln and E. G. Guba, Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications, 2022.
S. B. Merriam and E. J. Tisdell, Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation, 5th ed. Jossey-Bass, 2022.
Sugiyono, Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods. Alfabeta, 2022.
D. Ridley, The literature review: A step-by-step guide for students, 3rd ed. SAGE Publications, 2021.
J. Jesson, L. Matheson, and F. M. Lacey, Doing your literature review: Traditional and systematic techniques. SAGE Publications, 2020.
V. Braun and V. Clarke, Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publications, 2022.
J. Saldaña and M. Omasta, Qualitative research: Analyzing life, 2nd ed. SAGE Publications, 2021.
N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln, The SAGE handbook of qualitative research, 5th ed. SAGE Publications, 2023.
Z. S. Byrne, Understanding employee engagement: Theory, research, and practice, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2022.
H. Febriansyah and H. Ginting, Tujuh dimensi employee engagement. Prenada Media Group, 2020.
S. L. Albrecht, Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice, 2nd ed. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020.
B. Shuck, W. Kim, and T. S. Rocco, “The experienced emotional state of employee engagement,” in The Cambridge handbook of workplace affect, C. E. J. Härtel, W. J. Zerbe, and N. M. Ashkanasy, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 2021, pp. 234–256.
A. B. Bakker and E. Demerouti, Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research, 2nd ed. Psychology Press, 2022.
B. Schneider, M. G. Ehrhart, and W. H. Macey, “Organizational Climate and Culture,” Annu. Rev. Psychol., vol. 64, pp. 361–388, 2013, doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143809.
M. P. Leiter and A. B. Bakker, “Work engagement: The emergence of a concept,” in The Oxford handbook of engagement, well-being, and work, M. P. Leiter and A. B. Bakker, Eds., Oxford University Press, 2020, pp. 1–18.
Wibowo, Manajemen kinerja, 5th ed. Rajawali Pers, 2021.
N. P. Rothbard and S. V Patil, “Being there: Work engagement and positive organizational scholarship,” in Handbook of emotions in organizations, L. L. Neider and C. A. Schriesheim, Eds., Routledge, 2022, pp. 345–367.
S. K. Parker and M. A. Griffin, “Job design and healthy, productive work,” in The Oxford handbook of job design, D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, and H. K. Sinangil, Eds., Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 456–478.
M. Y. Loh and M. Y. Idris, “Perceived organisational support,” in Elgar encyclopedia of occupational health psychology, P. L. Perrewé and C. C. Rosen, Eds., Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024, pp. 135–138. doi: 10.4337/9781035313389.ch42.
R. Eisenberger and F. Stinglhamber, Perceived organizational support: Fostering enthusiastic and productive employees, 2nd ed. American Psychological Association, 2021.
J. Lee and others, “A cyber-physical systems architecture for industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems,” Manuf. Lett., 2015.
L. Rhoades, R. Eisenberger, and S. Armeli, “Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support,” in The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship, K. S. Cameron and G. M. Spreitzer, Eds., Oxford University Press, 2020, pp. 234–256.
S. P. Siagian, Manajemen sumber daya manusia, 5th ed. Bumi Aksara, 2022.
S. E. Hobfoll, J. Halbesleben, J. P. Neveu, and M. Westman, “Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences,” in The handbook of stress and health: A guide to research and practice, C. L. Cooper and J. C. Quick, Eds., John Wiley & Sons, 2020, pp. 123–145.
R. Cropanzano and M. S. Mitchell, “Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review,” in The Oxford handbook of organizational citizenship behavior, P. M. Podsakoff, S. B. MacKenzie, and N. P. Podsakoff, Eds., Oxford University Press, 2020, pp. 67–89.
D. G. Allen, L. M. Shore, and R. W. Griffeth, “The role of perceived organizational support and supportive human resource practices in the turnover process,” in The SAGE handbook of organizational behavior, 2nd ed., P. L. Perrewé, J. R. B. Halbesleben, and C. C. Rosen, Eds., SAGE Publications, 2021, pp. 123–145.
A. A. Armenakis and S. G. Harris, “Organizational change and perceived organizational support,” in The handbook of organizational development, B. Burnes and B. E. F., Eds., Routledge, 2021, pp. 234–256.
K. Patterson, “Servant leadership and love,” in The Palgrave handbook of servant leadership, D. van Dierendonck and K. Patterson, Eds., Palgrave Macmillan, 2022, pp. 123–145.
R. C. Liden, S. J. Wayne, J. D. Meuser, and J. Hu, “Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment,” in The Oxford handbook of leadership and organizations, D. V Day, Ed., Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 567–592.
R. K. Greenleaf, Servant leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness, 25th anniversary. Paulist Press, 2020.
L. C. Spears, “Character and servant leadership: Ten characteristics of effective, caring leaders,” in Practicing servant leadership: Developments in implementation, D. van Dierendonck and K. Patterson, Eds., Palgrave Macmillan, 2021, pp. 45–68.
M. E. Brown and L. K. Treviño, “Ethical leadership: A review and future directions,” in The Oxford handbook of leadership, D. V Day, Ed., Oxford University Press, 2020, pp. 345–368.
E. L. Deci, R. M. Ryan, and M. Gagné, “Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work domain: A self-determination theory perspective,” in The Oxford handbook of self-determination theory, R. M. Ryan, Ed., Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 456–478.
D. M. Mayer, M. Bardes, and R. F. Piccolo, “Do servant-leaders help satisfy follower needs? An organizational justice perspective,” in The SAGE handbook of leadership, D. van Dierendonck and K. Patterson, Eds., SAGE Publications, 2020, pp. 234–256.
F. Tjiptono and A. Diana, Manajemen pelayanan, 4th ed. Andi Offset, 2022.
W. H. Macey and B. Schneider, “The meaning of employee engagement,” in The SAGE handbook of human resource management, 2nd ed., P. Sparrow, C. L. Cooper, and A. Wilkinson, Eds., SAGE Publications, 2020, pp. 234–256.
M. G. Ehrhart, B. Schneider, and W. H. Macey, “Organizational climate and culture: An introduction to theory, research, and practice,” in The Oxford handbook of organizational climate and culture, B. Schneider and K. M. Barbera, Eds., Oxford University Press, 2020, pp. 3–24.
E. Salas, D. L. Reyes, and A. L. Woods, Team effectiveness: A comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners. Oxford University Press, 2021.
S. W. J. Kozlowski and B. S. Bell, “Work groups and teams in organizations,” in The Oxford handbook of organizational psychology, 2nd ed., vol. 2, N. W. Schmitt, S. Highhouse, and I. B. Weiner, Eds., Oxford University Press, 2020, pp. 412–448.
A. C. Edmondson, The fearless organization: Creating psychological safety in the workplace for learning, innovation, and growth. John Wiley & Sons, 2020.
D. J. McAllister, R. J. Lewicki, and S. Chaturvedi, “Trust in developing relationships: From cognition to affect-based trust,” in The Oxford handbook of trust, R. J. Lewicki and A. Zaheer, Eds., Oxford University Press, 2022, pp. 123–148.
M. A. Marks, J. E. Mathieu, and S. J. Zaccaro, “A temporally based framework and taxonomy of team processes,” in The SAGE handbook of industrial, work & organizational psychology, 2nd ed., vol. 2, N. Anderson, D. S. Ones, H. K. Sinangil, and C. Viswesvaran, Eds., SAGE Publications, 2021, pp. 345–378.
P. M. Senge, The fifth discipline: The art & practice of the learning organization, Rev. Currency, 2020.
B. E. Ashforth, S. H. Harrison, and K. G. Corley, “Identification in organizations: An examination of four fundamental questions,” in The Oxford handbook of organizational identity, M. G. Pratt and M. Schultz, Eds., Oxford University Press, 2020, pp. 45–68.
S. Cohen and T. A. Wills, “Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis,” in The Oxford handbook of stress, health, and coping, C. L. Cooper and J. C. Quick, Eds., Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 187–209.
Koentjaraningrat, Kebudayaan, mentalitet dan pembangunan, 25th ed. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2021.
M. G. Pratt and B. E. Ashforth, “Fostering meaningfulness in working and at work,” in The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship, K. S. Cameron and G. M. Spreitzer, Eds., Oxford University Press, 2020, pp. 345–367.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tanti Susilarini , Rita Retnowati , Dian Wulandari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
